SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Democracy in Chains</title>

</head>

Democracy in Chains

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1287740527">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ib-book .infobox-title{font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-book .Z3988{display:none}.mw-parser-output .ib-book .infobox-below{border-top:#aaa 1px solid}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox ib-book vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">First edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Nancy_MacLean" title="Nancy MacLean">Nancy MacLean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">Non-fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">368</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><bdi>978-1101980989</bdi></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1033429279">1033429279</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America is a 2017 nonfiction book by <a href="Nancy_MacLean" title="Nancy MacLean">Nancy MacLean</a> published by <a href="Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean_2017-1">[1]</a> MacLean critically examines the school of economic thinking known as "<a href="Public_choice" title="Public choice">public choice</a>", focusing on its founder <a href="James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan</a>, who received the <a href="Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> in 1986. According to MacLean, Buchanan's work has had a significant influence on the <a href="Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> movement and in the US <a href="Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, including the <a href="Political_activities_of_the_Koch_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activities of the Koch brothers">political activities of the Koch brothers</a>.

MacLean argues that Buchanan believed democracy must be suppressed for capitalism to flourish, which explains why the <a href="Right-wing_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing politics in the United States">right wing</a>, funded behind the scenes by secretive <a href="Dark_money" title="Dark money">dark money networks</a>, engages in anti-democratic behavior and policy-making, such as opposing unions and Social Security, supporting <a href="Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">voter suppression</a> and privatization, and placing impenetrable barriers to popular and social democracy. The book was a finalist for the <a href="National_Book_Award_for_Nonfiction" title="National Book Award for Nonfiction">National Book Award for Nonfiction</a>. Reviewers received it mostly along partisan political lines.<a href="#cite_note-ft-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_development">Background and development</h2></div>

The idea for the book came about while MacLean was researching <a href="School_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="School segregation in the United States">school segregation</a> in <a href="Prince_Edward_County%2C_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward County, Virginia</a>. She was studying the <a href="Davis_v._County_School_Board_of_Prince_Edward_County" title="Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County">closure of public schools by segregationists</a> from 1959 to 1964 in reaction to the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision <a href="Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a>, which held that laws establishing racial segregation in public schools were unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-Duke1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-splc1-4">[4]</a>

MacLean learned that Prince Edward County refused to appropriate funds for the County School Board, effectively closing all public schools rather than integrate them, in a strategy known as <a href="Massive_resistance" title="Massive resistance">massive resistance</a>, an attempt to get Virginia's white politicians to pass laws and policies to prevent public school <a href="School_integration_in_the_United_States" title="School integration in the United States">desegregation</a>. "Black students were locked out of any formal education while their white peers went off to private, segregation academies with school vouchers, essentially punishing the black community in Prince Edward for having been part of the Brown v. Board of Education case," she recalled.<a href="#cite_note-splc1-4">[4]</a>

Her research, which spanned a period of about ten years,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> led her to American economist <a href="Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> and his defense of school vouchers, and to American economist <a href="James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan</a>. After Buchanan died in 2013, MacLean gained access to his papers at the Buchanan House at <a href="George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. She discovered documents supporting the Kochs' investment in Buchanan's Center for Study of Public Choice, and this led her to develop her hypothesis about right-wing politics in the U.S. for the book.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Duke1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-splc1-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content_summary">Content summary</h2></div>

This book focuses on the <a href="Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>-winning political economist James M. Buchanan and his work developing <a href="Public_choice_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Public choice theory">public choice theory</a>, as well as the roles of <a href="Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a> and others, in nurturing the <a href="Libertarian_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian movement">libertarian movement</a> in the United States. MacLean argues that these figures undertook "a stealth bid to reverse-engineer all of America, at both the state and national levels back to the political economy and oligarchic governance of midcentury Virginia, minus the segregation."<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> According to MacLean, Buchanan represents "the true origin story of today’s well-heeled radical right."<a href="#cite_note-Onion_201706-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

The book was praised by liberal and progressive scholars and readers. In <a href="The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, <a href="Sam_Tanenhaus" title="Sam Tanenhaus">Sam Tanenhaus</a> called Democracy in Chains "A vibrant intellectual history of the radical right", writing that the book "is part of a new wave of historiography that has been examining the southern roots of modern conservatism" and that it "untangle[s] important threads in American history [...] to make us see how much of that history begins, and still lives, in the South."<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">George Monbiot</a>, climate science author and columnist for <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, wrote that the book was "the missing chapter: a key to understanding the politics of the past half century."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Colin Gordon, writing in <a href="Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a>, called the book "a revelation, as politics and as history."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> MacLean was interviewed by Rebecca Onion in <a href="Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Onion_201706-8">[8]</a> Alex Shephard in <a href="The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>, and Mark Karl in <a href="Alternet" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternet">Alternet</a> about her "remarkable"<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and "groundbreaking"<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> book. Bethany Moreton of Dartmouth College called the book "indispensable reading [that] adds a critical storyline to the complex and multi-causal conservative counterrevolution."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> For BillMoyers.com, Kristin Miller wrote that MacLean "has unearthed a stealth ideologue of the American right" whom Charles Koch "looked to for inspiration".<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> For NPR, Genevieve Valentie wrote the book "feels like it was written with a clock ticking down" after a "sixty-year campaign to make libertarianism mainstream and eventually take the government itself."<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Marshall Steinbaum of the <a href="Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a> described himself as "in sympathy with MacLean’s characterization of the Virginia School as profoundly antidemocratic and anti-academic" and called the book "an important warning, and it should be read by all despite its rhetorical shortcomings."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Luke Darby of <a href="GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a> called Democracy in Chains "one of the nine books to read before the next election."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> MacLean was an invited guest on several popular television and radio outlets, most notably <a href="Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher" title="Real Time with Bill Maher">Real Time with Bill Maher</a>, where she appeared twice (in August and November 2018) to discuss contemporary politics and the history of the far right.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

Democracy in Chains was also criticized by libertarian scholars and readers in a special <a href="Volokh_Conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Volokh Conspiracy">Volokh Conspiracy</a> series that ran through June and July 2017. <a href="David_Bernstein_(law_professor)" title="David Bernstein (law professor)">David Bernstein</a> disputed her portrayal of Buchanan and <a href="George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>, where Bernstein is and Buchanan was a professor,<a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_20170720-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_20170706-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_20170729-22">[22]</a> and questioned the accuracy of her depiction of Buchanan's influence on the libertarian movement.<a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_20170717-23">[23]</a> <a href="Jonathan_H._Adler" title="Jonathan H. Adler">Jonathan H. Adler</a> noted allegations of serious errors and misleading quotations in Democracy in Chains raised by <a href="Russ_Roberts" title="Russ Roberts">Russ Roberts</a>, <a href="David_R._Henderson" title="David R. Henderson">David R. Henderson</a>, <a href="Don_Boudreaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Boudreaux">Don Boudreaux</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-Adler_20170628-24">[24]</a> Adler, Ilya Somin<a href="#cite_note-Somin_20170710-25">[25]</a> and Georg Vanberg<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> were all part of the Volokh Conspiracy series. <a href="Michael_Munger" title="Michael Munger">Michael Munger</a>, a libertarian political scientist at Duke University wrote that Democracy in Chains "is a work of speculative historical fiction".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Phil Magness argued that MacLean had "simply made up an inflammatory association" about Buchanan and the <a href="Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="Steve_Horwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Horwitz">Steve Horwitz</a> argued that it was "a book that gets almost everything wrong, from the most basic of facts to the highest of theory".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <a href="Brian_Doherty_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Doherty (journalist)">Brian Doherty</a> argued, contra MacLean, that Buchanan had upbraided his colleagues who supported the <a href="Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–90)">Chilean dictatorship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In response, MacLean said she was the target of a "coordinated and interlinked set of calculated hit jobs" by "the Koch team of professors who don't disclose their conflicts of interest and the operatives who work full time for their project to shackle our democracy".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> She said her book's ranking on <a href="Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a> was being spammed by negative reviews and rankings and urged people to post positive ones in response (this is against Amazon policy).<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Adler, Bernstein, Carden, and Magness responded to her, saying that any Koch relationship was already acknowledged.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_20170720-20">[20]</a> Vanberg noted two later private letters in which Buchanan discussed his work on school vouchers and condemned the "evils of race-class-cultural segregation."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

Others who fell into neither "team Public Choice" or "team anti-Buchanan" offered mixed reviews. <a href="Henry_Farrell_(political_scientist)" title="Henry Farrell (political scientist)">Henry Farrell</a> and <a href="Steven_Teles" title="Steven Teles">Steven Teles</a> called the book a "conspiracy theory in the guise of intellectual history"<a href="#cite_note-vox.com-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-2">[2]</a> and wrote, "while we do not share Buchanan's ideology ... we think the broad thrust of the criticism is right. MacLean is not only wrong in detail but mistaken in the fundamentals of her account."<a href="#cite_note-vox.com-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-2">[2]</a> Similarly, Noah Smith agreed that MacLean had taken <a href="Tyler_Cowen" title="Tyler Cowen">Tyler Cowen</a>, whom he called "a staunch defender of democracy", out of context.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="Heather_Boushey" title="Heather Boushey">Heather Boushey</a> wrote that MacLean had shone "a light on important truths" but cautioned that "her overt moral revulsion at her subject can sometimes make it seem as if we're getting only part of the picture".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="Jack_Rakove" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Rakove">Jack Rakove</a> wrote that there "should be a thorough scholarly review of these points [raised by critics], and one suspects that MacLean will have to make a more concerted effort to justify her argument than she has yet provided". He concluded that "her questions remain important and well worth pondering".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Katherine Timpf of the National Review criticized MacLean for remarks she made during a February 7, 2018, talk in New York City. MacLean was asked to explain Buchanan's motivations. She replied, "As an author, I have struggled with this, and I could explain it in different ways. I didn’t put this in the book, but I will say it here. It’s striking to me how many of the architects of this cause seem to be on the <a href="Autism" title="Autism">autism spectrum</a> —you know, people who don’t feel solidarity or empathy with others, and who have difficult human relationships sometimes."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 2022, George Leef, writing in the National Review, called it "a screed" and "a brazenly dishonest book".<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

In her review for the academic journal <a href="History_of_Political_Economy" title="History of Political Economy">History of Political Economy</a>, <a href="Jennifer_Burns_(historian)" title="Jennifer Burns (historian)">Jennifer Burns</a> wrote that "the narrative of American history [that Democracy in Chains] presents is insular and highly politicized, laying out a drama of good versus evil with little attention paid to the larger worlds—global, economic, or intellectual—in which the story nests."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In a review for the academic journal <a href="International_Social_Science_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="International Social Science Review">International Social Science Review</a>, Ben Sorensen wrote, "the leftist bias and the assertions of conspiracy render the book questionably credible, at best".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2></div>

Democracy in Chains was a finalist for the 2017 <a href="National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> for nonfiction,<a href="#cite_note-:0-50">[50]</a> a finalist for the "Los Angeles Times Book Award in Current Interest",<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and the winner of the Lannar Foundation Cultural Freedom Award.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The book was also named "Most Valuable Book of 2017" by The Nation.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In 2018, Democracy in Chains won the <a href="Lillian_Smith_Book_Award" title="Lillian Smith Book Award">Lillian Smith Book Award</a>, for "books that are outstanding creative achievements, worthy of recognition because of their literary merit, moral vision, and honest representation of the South, its people, problems, and promises."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-Maclean_2017-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Maclean_2017_1-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMacLean2018" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Nancy (2018) [2017]. Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America. New York: Penguin Books. p. 368. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1101980972</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1029879485">1029879485</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ft-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft_2-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFFarrellTeles2017" class="citation web cs1">Farrell, Henry; Teles, Steven (30 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bostonreview.net/class-inequality/henry-farrell-steven-m-teles-when-politics-drives-scholarship">"When Politics Drives Scholarship"</a>. Boston Review.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Duke1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duke1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duke1_3-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iABCRF7dhio">The Inspiration Behind 'Democracy in Chains'</a>. Duke University. July 3, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2021.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-splc1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-splc1_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-splc1_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-splc1_4-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/03/08/democracy-chains-interview-author-nancy-maclean">Democracy in Chains: An interview with author Nancy MacLean</a>. SPLC. March 8, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2021.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> "I have spent the better part of the past decade researching and unraveling the historical roots of the ideas that the radical libertarian right funded by Charles Koch and his network of dark money donors are applying to transform our country." See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Testimony%20of%20Nancy%20MacLean.pdf">After Janus v. AFSCME: Why Teachers and Workers are Fighting Back Against the Secret Money Campaign to Take Away Their Rights</a>. Testimony of

Dr. Nancy MacLean, William H. Chafe Professor of History and Public Policy, Duke University. Democratic Policy and Communications Committee (DPCC). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v05TrYnVBY8">Video</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> MacLean (2018), xxi–xxiii

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMacLean2017" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Nancy (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iW4ADAAAQBAJ">Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America</a>. Penguin. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1101980989</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Onion_201706-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Onion_201706_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onion_201706_8-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFOnion2017" class="citation news cs1">Onion, Rebecca (June 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/life/history/2017/06/james_mcgill_buchanan_s_terrifying_vision_of_society_is_the_intellectual.html">"What Is the Far Right's Endgame? A Society That Suppresses the Majority"</a>. <a href="Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-2339">1091-2339</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFTanenhaus" class="citation news cs1">Tanenhaus, Sam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/07/the-architect-of-the-radical-right/528672/">"The Architect of the Radical Right"</a>. The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-07-06.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMonbiot2017" class="citation news cs1">Monbiot, George (July 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/19/despot-disguise-democracy-james-mcgill-buchanan-totalitarian-capitalism">"A despot in disguise: one man's mission to rip up democracy"</a>. The Guardian.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGordon2017" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Colin (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2017/06/democracy-in-chains-review-nancy-maclean-james-buchanan">"Democracy's Critics"</a>. <a href="Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFShephard2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Shephard, Alex (June 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/143561/rights-war-liberal-democracy">"The Right's War Against Liberal Democracy"</a>. <a href="The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKarlin2017" class="citation news cs1">Karlin, Mark (July 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alternet.org/right-wing/libertarian-strategy-make-america-screwed-texas">"This Libertarian Strategy to Make America as Screwed-Up as Texas"</a>. <a href="AlterNet" title="AlterNet">AlterNet</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMoreton2017" class="citation web cs1">Moreton, Bethany (2017-08-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bostonreview.net/class-inequality/bethany-moreton-kochonomics-racist-roots-public-choice-theory">"Kochonomics: The Racist Roots of Public Choice Theory"</a>. Boston Review. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billmoyers.com/story/deep-history-radical-right/">"The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America"</a>. BillMoyers.com. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2017/06/18/531929217/democracy-in-chains-traces-the-rise-of-american-libertarianism">"'Democracy In Chains' Traces The Rise Of American Libertarianism"</a>. NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSteinbaum2017" class="citation news cs1">Steinbaum, Marshall (14 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bostonreview.net/class-inequality/marshall-steinbaum-book-explains-charlottesville">"The Book that Explains Charlottesville"</a>. Boston Review.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDarby2018" class="citation news cs1">Darby, Luke (2018-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq.com/story/books-to-read-before-the-2020-election">"9 Books to Read Before the Next Election"</a>. GQ. Retrieved 2018-11-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2018/08/duke-prof-nancy-maclean-appears-on-hbos-real-time-rails-on-koch-brothers">"Duke professor Nancy MacLean appears on HBO's Real Time, discusses Koch brothers"</a>. The Chronicle. Retrieved 2018-11-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bernstein_20170720-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_20170720_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_20170720_20-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBernstein2017" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, David (July 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/07/20/did-nancy-maclean-make-stuff-up-in-democracy-in-chains/">"Opinion: Did Nancy MacLean make stuff up in 'Democracy in Chains'?"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved April 2, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bernstein_20170706-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_20170706_21-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBernstein" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/07/06/yet-more-dubious-claims-in-nancy-macleans-democracy-in-chains/">"Opinion: Yet more dubious claims in Nancy MacLean's 'Democracy in Chains'"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bernstein_20170729-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_20170729_22-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBernstein" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/06/29/some-dubious-claims-in-nancy-macleans-democracy-in-chains-continued/">"Opinion | Some dubious claims in Nancy MacLean's 'Democracy in Chains,' continued"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bernstein_20170717-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_20170717_23-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBernstein2017" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, David (July 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/07/17/how-influential-was-james-buchanan-among-libertarians/?tid=ss_tw">"Opinion:How influential was James Buchanan among libertarians?"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Adler_20170628-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Adler_20170628_24-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdler" class="citation news cs1">Adler, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/06/28/does-democracy-in-chains-paint-an-accurate-picture-of-james-buchanan/">"Opinion: Does 'Democracy in Chains' paint an accurate picture of James Buchanan?"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Somin_20170710-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Somin_20170710_25-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSomin2017" class="citation news cs1">Somin, Ilya (July 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/07/10/who-wants-to-put-democracy-in-chains/">"Opinion: Who wants to put democracy in chains?"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFVanberg" class="citation news cs1">Vanberg, Georg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/07/14/duke-professor-georg-vanberg-on-democracy-in-chains/">"Opinion: Duke professor Georg Vanberg on 'Democracy in Chains'"</a>. Washington Post. The Volokh Conspiracy.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMichael_Munger" class="citation web cs1">Michael Munger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.org/issues/article.asp?id=9115">"On the Origins and Goals of Public Choice"</a>. The Independent Institute.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCardenGelosoMagness2017" class="citation journal cs1">Carden, Art; Geloso, Vincent; Magness, Phillip W. (July 25, 2017). "Situating Southern Influences in James M. Buchanan and Modern Public Choice Economics". Social Science Research Network. <a href="SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3008867">3008867</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMagness" class="citation web cs1">Magness, Phillip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historynewsnetwork.org/blog/153952">"How Nancy MacLean Went Whistlin' Dixie"</a>. historynewsnetwork.org.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historynewsnetwork.org/blog/153963">"On Buchanan's Intellectual History and MacLean's Missing Leviathan"</a>. historynewsnetwork.org.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCardenMagness2017" class="citation journal cs1">Carden, Art; Magness, Phil (July 17, 2017). "Buchanan the Evil Genius". Social Science Research Network. <a href="SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3004029">3004029</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHorwitz2017" class="citation journal cs1">Horwitz, Steven (July 24, 2017). "Confirmation Bias Unchained: Nancy Maclean on James Buchanan, the History of Public Choice Theory, and Libertarianism". Social Science Research Network. <a href="SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3007751">3007751</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/2017/07/20/what-nancy-maclean-gets-wrong-about-jame/">"What Nancy MacLean Gets Wrong About James Buchanan"</a>. Reason.com. July 21, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/blog/2017/08/02/to-duke-historian-nancy-maclean-advocati">"To Duke Historian Nancy MacLean, Advocating Free Markets Is Something 'The World Has Never Seen Anything Like...Before'"</a>. Reason.com. August 2, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFarrantTarko2018" class="citation journal cs1">Farrant, Andrew; Tarko, Vlad (16 January 2018). "James M. Buchanan's 1981 visit to Chile: Knightian democrat or defender of the 'Devil's fix'?". The Review of Austrian Economics. 32: 1–20. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11138-017-0410-3">10.1007/s11138-017-0410-3</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0889-3047">0889-3047</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159003961">159003961</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFParry2017" class="citation journal cs1">Parry, Marc (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronicle.com/article/Nancy-MacLean-Responds-to-Her/240699">"Nancy MacLean Responds to Her Critics"</a>. The Chronicle of Higher Education.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFParry2017" class="citation news cs1">Parry, Marc (July 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronicle.com/article/A-New-History-of-the-Right-Has/240700">"A New History of the Right Has Become an Intellectual Flashpoint"</a>. The Chronicle of Higher Education.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2017" class="citation news cs1">Flaherty, Coleen (July 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/07/12/historian-alleges-coordinated-criticism-her-latest-book-which-critical-radical-right">"Stealth Attack on Liberal Scholar?"</a>. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved July 13, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFZakaria2017" class="citation news cs1">Zakaria, Rafia (9 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2017/oct/09/how-amazon-reviews-became-the-new-battlefield-of-us-politics">"How Amazon reviews became the new battlefield of US Politics"</a>. The Guardian.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdler2017" class="citation news cs1">Adler, Jonathan H. (July 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/07/20/nancy-maclean-responds-to-her-critics/">"Opinion | Nancy MacLean responds to her critics"</a>. <a href="Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/09/01/georg-vanberg-democracy-in-chains-and-james-m-buchanan-on-school-integration/">"Opinion: Georg Vanberg: Democracy in Chains and James M. Buchanan on school integration"</a>. Washington Post.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-vox.com-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vox.com_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vox.com_42-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFFarrellTeles2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Henry_Farrell_(political_scientist)" title="Henry Farrell (political scientist)">Farrell, Henry</a>; Teles, Steven (14 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/7/14/15967788/democracy-shackles-james-buchanan-intellectual-history-maclean">"Even the intellectual left is drawn to conspiracy theories about the right. Resist them"</a>. <a href="Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-07-21/be-clear-eyed-about-democracy-s-weaknesses">"Be Clear-Eyed About Democracy's Weaknesses"</a>. Bloomberg.com. July 21, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBoushey2017" class="citation news cs1">Boushey, Heather (15 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/books/review/democracy-in-chains-nancy-maclean.html">"How the Radical Right Played the Long Game and Won"</a>. The New York Times.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRakove" class="citation web cs1">Rakove, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/jack_rakove_reviews_democracy_in_chains/">"Critical Inquiry"</a>. criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFTimpf2018" class="citation news cs1">Timpf, Katherine (February 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/02/nancy-maclean-libertarians-seem-autism-spectrum/">"Duke Professor: Libertarians 'Seem to Be on the Autism Spectrum'"</a>. National Review. Retrieved April 8, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLeef2022" class="citation web cs1">Leef, George (2022-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/welcome-to-the-brave-new-world-of-leftist-scholarship/">"Welcome to the Brave New World of Leftist Scholarship"</a>. National Review.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBurns2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Jennifer_Burns_(historian)" title="Jennifer Burns (historian)">Burns, Jennifer</a> (2018). "Book Review: Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America by Nancy MacLean". History of Political Economy. 50 (3): 640–648. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-7023786">10.1215/00182702-7023786</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149650365">149650365</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSorensen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Sorensen, Ben (2019-09-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/issr/vol95/iss2/14">"Book Review: Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right's Stealth Plan for America by Nancy MacLean"</a>. International Social Science Review. 95 (2). <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-2308">0278-2308</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-50"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2017-national-book-award-finalists/">"2017 National Book Award finalists revealed"</a>. CBS News. October 4, 2017. Retrieved 2017-10-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSchaub2018" class="citation web cs1">Schaub, Michael (21 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/books/la-et-jc-book-prize-finalists-20180221-story.html">"L.A. Times Book Prize finalists include Joyce Carol Oates and Ta-Nehisi Coates; John Rechy receives lifetime achievement award"</a>. <a href="Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lannan.org/cultural-freedom/detail/nancy-maclean-awarded-2017-cultural-freedom-award-for-an-especially-notable-book">"Lannan Foundation"</a>. Lannan Foundation. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFNichols2017" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, John (2017-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405075807/https://www.thenation.com/article/the-2017-progressive-honor-roll/">"The 2017 Progressive Honor Roll"</a>. The Nation. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378">0027-8378</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/the-2017-progressive-honor-roll/">the original</a> on 2018-04-05. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521104248/http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/lilliansmith/nominations.html">"Lillian Smith Book Awards"</a>. www.libs.uga.edu. Hargrett Library : University of Georgia Libraries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/lilliansmith/nominations.html">the original</a> on 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2018-05-20.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Green, Kristen (2015). Something Must Be Done About Prince Edward County: A Family, a Virginia Town, a Civil Rights Battle. Harper. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0062268693</bdi>.</li>

<li>Lassiter, Matthew D. Lewis, Andrew B. Michael D. Lassiter (1998). The Moderates' Dilemma: Massive Resistance to School Desegregation in Virginia. University of Virginia Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0813918174</bdi>.</li>

<li>Leonard, Christopher (2019). <a href="Kochland%3A_The_Secret_History_of_Koch_Industries_and_Corporate_Power_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochland: The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America">Kochland: The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1476775388</bdi>.</li>

<li>Mayer, Jane (2016). <a href="Dark_Money%3A_The_Hidden_History_of_the_Billionaires_Behind_the_Rise_of_the_Radical_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right">Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right</a>. Doubleday. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0385535597</bdi>.</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Democracy_in_Chains&oldid=1291239587">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>